Tier 2 networks are required to pay for transmitting traffic on other networks, while Tier 3 networks must also pay for peering. The identification of Tier 1 networks is often based on publicly accessible information from various sources, but it can be challenging to determine whether a network is paying for peering or transit due to the lack of public information and non-disclosure agreements.
Stanford University
Winter 2022–2023
Stanford University's CS 249i is an advanced networking course focusing on modern Internet topology, routing practices, and recent network protocols. The course covers pressing privacy, security, and abuse challenges, with a mix of lectures, guest talks, and practical projects.
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