Networks

System Calls

Multiprocessing

execvp

Interprocess Communication

Virtual memory

Thread (computing)

Mutexes (Mutual exclusion)

Semaphores

Thread Pools

Parallel Compilation

Clients

Networking

API (Application Programming Interface)

MapReduce

Filesystems

File Descriptors

waitpid

Pipeline (Unix)

Signals

Multithreading

Race condition

Condition variables

Multithreading Patterns

Read-Write Locks

Servers

HTTP

Networking Functions

CS 110: Principles of Computer Systems Stanford University Winter 2022 CS 110 delves into advanced computer systems and program construction, focusing on designing large systems, software that spans multiple machines, and parallel computing. This course builds upon CS107 and requires good knowledge of C, C++, Unix, GDB, Valgrind, and Make. It covers Linux filesystems, multiprocessing, threading, networking, and more. CS107 took you behind the scenes:

- how things work inside C++/Python/Java, and how your programs map onto the components of computer systems
- understanding of program behavior and execution
 
CS110 uses this as a foundation to build complex programs that maximally take advantage of the hardware and operating system software available to us:

- How can we understand the designs and tradeoffs of large systems?
- How can we write software that spans multiple machines?
- How can we write software that runs tasks in parallel on a single machine? ### Course Topics Overview

1. **Overview of Linux Filesystems** - How can we design filesystems to store and manipulate files on disk?
1. **Multiprocessing and Exceptional Control Flow** - How can our program create and interact with other programs?
1. **Threading and Concurrency** - How can a single instance of our program perform multiple coordinated tasks at the same time?
1. **Networking and Distributed Computing** - How can we write programs that communicate over a network with other programs, and tackle large tasks using many machines?
1. **Additional Topics**: MapReduce, Caching, and Non-Blocking I/O **CS107 or equivalent -**

- Each of you should know C and C++ reasonably well so that you can...
    - write moderately complex programs (e.g. pointers, **malloc/realloc/free**, C strings, C++ classes, methods, references, templates, **new/delete**)
    - read and understand portions of large code bases
    - trace memory diagrams and always win!
- Each of you should be ﬂuent with **Unix, GDB, Valgrind**, and **Make** to the extent they're covered in CS107 or its equivalent.

The first assignment is meant to give you a sense of the scope of CS110 programs and refresh your memory on relevant prerequisites.  If you feel ok about it, you're all set! Second half of CS107 Textbook: *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective by Bryant & O'Hallaron, 3rd Edition*

- Can purchase full copy, or Stanford Bookstore custom edition with just CS110 chapters
 
*Principles of Computer System Design: An Introduction* by Jerome H. Saltzer and M. Frans Kaashoek

- Free Stanford online access [here](https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780123749574/principles-of-computer-system-design)​ (also linked on course homepage)
- Fewer readings from this book vs. first one
- You're welcome to buy a physical copy if you'd like

CS 110: Principles of Computer Systems

Computer Systems

Rust

C Programming

Function (computer programming)

Pointer (computer programming)

Computer memory

Array (data structure)

Heap (data structure)

Data structure

Modules

Compilation

Debugging

Makefiles

File I/O

Buffering

POSIX I/O

Directories

C++ Programming

Introduction

References

Const

Constructors

Class (computer programming)

new/delete

Smart pointer

Casting

Client-side Networking

Templates

Inheritance (object-oriented programming)

Server-side Networking

Standard Template Library (STL)

vtables

IP (Internet Protocol)

DNS (Domain Name System)

CSE 333 Systems Programming University of Washington Summer 2022 This course provides an understanding of systems in computing, focusing on operating systems, networking, and C/C++ languages. Students learn about low-level data representation, memory management, system interactions, and efficient programming workflows. It delves into C++ idioms, network protocols, and concurrency. Prior knowledge of C programming and Linux tools is required. Systems Programming is the exploration of the composition and interface of systems in computing looking through the lens of operating systems, networking, and C/C++ languages. Through peeling levels of abstraction, students will view practices of low-level data representation (e.g. C, C++); explicit memory management; interacting with operating-system services; and cache-aware programming. Course Learning objectives are the goals that are set out for you to accomplish in this course:

- Understand system theory of how a system interacts with its environment and controlling its input and output (feedback loops, input and output, deterioration, computation)
- Unravel layers of abstraction found within systems
- Describe multiple systems throughout the computing space (e.g. HTTP, Operating Systems, Threading, and Makefiles)
- Interpret and build an efficient workflow for programming in larger sized code bases
- Debug substantial C/C++ programs using debugging tools (GDB and Valgrind) - [CSE351 (The Hardware/Software Interface)](http://www.cs.washington.edu/education/courses/cse351): CSE 351 provides students with rudimentary knowledge of C programming; the ability to write, run, and debug programs; familiarity with Linux and the use of Linux compilation, editing, and debugging tools; a solid mental model of the relationship between high-level code (C) and assembly-level compiled code.
- [CSE 143 (Intro Programming II)](http://www.cs.washington.edu/education/courses/cse143): CSE 143 is not a direct prerequisite (CSE 351 prerequisite), but some of its topics are beneficial to review for CSE 333. This includes classes, inheritance, good style practices, and simple data structures such as linked lists, trees, hash tables, and queues. Further knowledge of Java and these data structures is not required, but could be helpful! ### Textbooks

There are no strictly required texts for this course. Most people will find it useful to have both a C and a C++ reference; suggestions are given below. The C++ Primer is strongly recommended as C++ is a big, complex language and it is hard to understand how it all fits together from just Google and Stack Overflow snippets and folklore.

#### Strongly Recommended:

C++ Primer (5th Edition), Lippman, Lajoie & Moo. ISBN 0-321-71411-3.

#### Suggested:

- [*C Programming Language (2nd Edition)*](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-2nd-Brian-Kernighan/dp/0131103628/), Kernighan & Ritchie. ISBN 0-13-110362-8.
    - The definitive book on C from the people who created it. You will want to use an online reference for information about the latest libraries, but every serious programmer should study this book.
- [*Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective (3rd Edition)*](http://csapp.cs.cmu.edu/3e/home.html), Bryant & O'Hallaron, ISBN 0-13-409266-X.
    - Useful review of CSE 351 and background for many additional topics covered more extensively in CSE333.
- [*Effective C++: 55 Specific Ways to Improve Your Programs and Designs (3rd Edition)*](http://www.amazon.com/Effective-Specific-Improve-Programs-Designs/dp/tags-on-product/0321334876), Scott Meyers. ISBN 0321334879.
- [*Effective Modern C++: 42 Specific Ways to Improve Your Use of C++11 and C++14*](http://www.amazon.com/Effective-Modern-Specific-Ways-Improve/dp/1491903996), Scott Meyers. ISBN 1491903996.


### Proposed Topic List

- C Programming and idioms (Memory Management, cstdio, error handling, and structs)
- System Management Tools (Makefiles, Header Guards, GDB, and Valgrind)
- System Interfacing with Operating Systems (POSIX)
- C++ Programming and idioms (namespaces, templates, STL, smart pointers)
- C++ Classes and Inheritance (Classes, operator overloading, OOP)
- Network Programming and Protocols (POSIX, HTTP)
- Concurrency (pthreads)

CSE 333 Systems Programming

Operating Systems

Visual Encoding

Map (higher-order function)

Animation

Uncertainty

Data & Image Models

Tableau

Scalable Visualization

Color

Exploratory Data Analysis

Deceptive Visualization

D3.js

Graphical Perception

Narrative Visualization

CSE 512 Data Visualization University of Washington Spring 2022 This course from the University of Washington dives deep into the principles of data visualization, exploring techniques derived from graphic design, perceptual psychology, and cognitive science. The course enhances understanding of visualization techniques, exposure to common data domains, and offers practical experience in building and evaluating visualization systems.  The world is awash with increasing amounts of data, and we must keep afloat with our relatively constant perceptual and cognitive abilities. Visualization provides one means of combating information overload, as a well-designed visual encoding can supplant cognitive calculations with simpler perceptual inferences and improve comprehension, memory, and decision making. Furthermore, visual representations may help engage more diverse audiences in the process of analytic thinking.

In this course we will study techniques for creating effective visualizations based on principles from graphic design, perceptual psychology, and cognitive science. The course is targeted both towards students interested in using visualization in their own work, as well as students interested in building better visualization tools and systems.

In addition to class discussions, students will complete visualization design and data analysis assignments, as well as a final project. Students will share the results of their final project as both an interactive website and a video presentation. This course is designed to provide students with the foundations necessary for understanding and extending the current state of the art in data visualization. By the end of the course, students will have gained:
- An understanding of key visualization techniques and theory, including data models, graphical perception and methods for visual encoding and interaction.
- Exposure to a number of common data domains and corresponding analysis tasks, including multivariate data, geo-spatial data, and networks.
- Practical experience building and evaluating visualization systems.
- The ability to read and discuss research papers from the visualization literature.  - [The Visual Display of Quantitative Information](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0961392142), E. Tufte. Graphics Press, 2001.
- [Envisioning Information](http://www.amazon.com/Envisioning-Information-Edward-R-Tufte/dp/0961392118), E. Tufte. Graphics Press, 1990.
- [Vega-Lite Visualization Notebook Curriculum](https://observablehq.com/@uwdata/data-visualization-curriculum). Jeffrey Heer, Dominik Moritz, Jake VanderPlas, and Brock Craft.
- *Optional*: [Interactive Data Visualization for the Web](http://alignedleft.com/work/d3-book-2e), 2nd Edition. Scott Murray, O'Reilly Press.
    - To read online, use the "O'Reilly (Formerly Safari)" link on the [UW library page](https://guides.lib.uw.edu/c.php?g=341544&p=2299182).
    - Code examples available on [GitHub](https://github.com/alignedleft/d3-book/).

CSE 512 Data Visualization

Data Science

Web Technologies

Web Protocols

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

Firewalls

Denial-of-service attack (DoS attack)

Transport Protocols

Stream ciphers

Operating System Security

Physical Security

Public-key cryptography

Passwords

Digital signature

OS Isolation

Message authentication code (MAC)

Malware

Authorization

Cloud Security

Accounting

Storage Encryption

Web Security Model

Security Principles

Session Management

Transport Layer Security (TLS)

Symmetric-key Cryptography

Same-Origin Policy

Certificates

One-time pad

Hash functions

SQL Injection

Scanning

Block cipher

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

Authentication

OS Privileges

Browser Security

CS1660: Computer Systems Security Brown University Spring 2022 CS1660 delivers a balanced mix of theory and practice in computer systems security. Starting with the foundational aspects of cryptography, the course navigates through security aspects of web applications, operating systems, and networks. Students will hone their "security mindset," learning to identify vulnerabilities and understand defenses across different domains. CS1660 (formerly called CS166) is a course on **computer systems security** through a balanced mixture of theory and practice.

We’ll start out with building the foundations of security through an exploration of **cryptography**. From there, we’ll move to more complex, multi-faceted systems such as **web applications**, **operating systems**, and **networks**. Along the way, we’ll explore complementary topics such as authentication, physical security, social engineering, privacy, anonymity, usability, and the security of emergent systems such as blockchains and machine learning.

By learning about security through these multiple domains, you’ll concretely learn how various classes of attacks appear in a vast variety of scenarios and how they work in practice. You’ll also learn how to evaluate systems adversarially, from writing precise security analyses about subtle issues in protocols to discovering and exploiting vulnerabilities in concrete technical systems for yourself.

Through all of these activities, you’ll ultimately work to develop a specific kind of intuition—a ***“security mindset”***—that will give you the knowledge, vocabulary, and confidence to critically analyze and effectively defend the software and systems you approach as a computer scientist even after the course. - Provide an introduction to computer security
    - Overview security threats and defenses
- Help you develop a security-aware mindset:
    - Take the big picture and understand the details
- Learning by practicing
    - Consider ethical implications and tradeoffs of using, building, and testing secure systems You should have an intro-sequence’s worth of programming experience ([0160](https://cs.brown.edu/courses/info/csci0160/), [0180](https://cs.brown.edu/courses/info/csci0180/), or [0190](https://cs.brown.edu/courses/info/csci0190/)) and have a good understanding of systems programming ([0300](https://cs.brown.edu/courses/info/csci0300/), [0330](https://cs.brown.edu/courses/info/csci0330/), [1310](https://cs.brown.edu/courses/info/csci1310/), or [1330](https://cs.brown.edu/courses/info/csci1330/)). This concretely means that:

- You should be comfortable writing programs and scripts in the language of your choice (such as Python, Ruby, Bash, Go, C++, etc.), be comfortable in a Unix command-line environment (running binaries, filesystem navigation, etc.) and using SSH with the Brown CS filesystem, have a basic understanding of systems programming concepts such as memory management and networking.
- You also should have heard of the terms “race condition”, “packet”, “TCP”, “UDP”, “buffer overflows”, and “DNS”. (If you forget what these are, don’t worry—we’ll describe them again when they come up in the latter half of the course.)
- You should also be at least somewhat comfortable (and very willing) to learn new programming languages and reading code in languages and programs that you’ve never used before. (You’ll get lots of practice with this in this course!)
 
*If you don’t meet the official prerequisites* but still want to take the course, please feel free to ask the instructors–we are happy to discuss your individual situation to determine if the course is right for you!

Your willingness to challenge yourself is perhaps the most important prerequsite for the course. Security can be frustrating at times, but the rewards are great. In exchange for engaging with some difficult intellectual challenges, you’ll have the opportunity to gain concrete insights about systems and security and become a better computer scientist along the way! 

CS1660: Computer Systems Security

Computer Security and Cryptography

Computer network

Networks

4 courses cover this concept

CS 110: Principles of Computer Systems

CSE 333 Systems Programming

CSE 512 Data Visualization

CS1660: Computer Systems Security